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John Ross Baughman, known as J. Ross Baughman, is an American photojournalist who won a Pulitzer Prize for his portfolio showing the brutal treatment of prisoners by Rhodesian Security Forces in the fall of 1977. ==Early life and photographic career== Baughman was born in Dearborn, Michigan to Charles T. Baughman, an executive for the Ford Motor Company and Patricia Baughman. He attended Marion L. Steele High School in Amherst, Ohio, where he worked on the school newspaper staff and was the salutatorian of his graduating class in 1971. After graduating from Kent State University in 1975, where in his junior year he became editor of the school yearbook, ''The Chestnut Burr'', Baughman started work as a photojournalist for ''The Lorain Journal'' of Lorain, Ohio, about 30 miles west of Cleveland (now ''The Morning Journal''). In 1976, while at ''The Journal'', he infiltrated a branch of the American Nazi Party in Cleveland called the United White People's Party, and spent seven months recording both its activities and those of an affiliated group in Chicago called the National Socialist Party of America, headed by Frank Collin. The resulting investigative series "Nazis in America" was initiated June 4, 1977, with a front page story on the murder of Chicago-area businessman Sydney Cohen by Raymond Lee Schultz, who had ties to the American Nazi Party in the 1960s and then became affiliated with the National States' Rights Party.〔Koziol, Ronald (June 4, 1977). "Cyanide Killer Harassed Jews, Anti-defamation unit charges". ''Chicago Tribune''.〕 The story also contained details about possible other murders and bombings being planned by Nazi groups.〔"FBI Probes Nazi Hit List for Murder". ''Lorain Journal''. June 4, 1977.〕 A series of five more front-page stories ran from June 12 to 16, 1977.〔Baughman, J. Ross (June 12, 1977). "I Infiltrated the Nazis to Learn Their Secrets". ''The Lorain Journal''.〕〔Baughman, J. Ross (June 13, 1977). "Nazi Internal Strife – And How They United". ''The Lorain Journal''.〕〔Baughman, J. Ross (June 14, 1977). "What the Nazis Do – And Say in America". ''The Lorain Journal''.〕〔Baughman, J. Ross (June 15, 1977). "A 20-Year History of the Nazis in the U.S." ''The Lorain Journal''.〕〔Hendrickson, Dick (June 16, 1977). "A Stranger Visits a Nazi Bookstore". ''The Lorain Journal''.〕〔"Here is a Woman's View of a Nazi 'Get Together'". June 16, 1977. ''The Lorain Journal''.〕 ''The Journal'' was invited by Richard T. Baker, professor at Columbia University and secretary to the Pulitzer Prizes advisory board, to submit the series for the 1978 Pulitzer Prizes.〔"''The Journal'' Nominated for Pulitzer – By Invitation". ''The Lorain Journal''. February 2, 1978. "''The Journal'' has been invited to enter the Pulitzer Prizes competition, the highest award in journalism, by Professor Richard T. Baker of Columbia University, New York, secretary of the Pulitzer Prizes Advisory Board. ''The Journal'' is responding to the invitation by entering its widely published series on the "Nazis in America".〕 The series won a first place award for investigative reporting in the Ohio division of the Associated Press Managing Editors competition.〔 "Two years later, he won the first-place award for investigative reporting in the Ohio division of the Associated Press Managing Editors competition."〕 Upon leaving ''The Journal'' in 1977, Baughman moved to London and accepted a contract with the Associated Press (AP). From there he was sent to Salisbury, Rhodesia to cover the Rhodesian Bush War.〔Osborne, Richard (December 23, 1977). "J. Ross Baughman: A Unique Journalist". ''The Lorain Journal''. "After the Nazi series was published ... Ross went to London and was hired by the Associated Press."〕 While in Rhodesia, he obtained permission to accompany the Grey's Scouts, a Rhodesian Security Forces mounted infantry unit established in 1975 to combat nationalist guerrilla forces. During the two weeks he spent with the Scouts he captured photographs of troops brutalizing their prisoners. Much of his film was confiscated by Rhodesian government officials but he successfully hid several rolls and smuggled them out of the country.〔AP (December 3, 1977). "American Photographer Says He Saw Black Civilian Beaten by Rhodesian Soldiers". ''The New York Times''. "When more senior Rhodesian authorities found out who Mr. Baughman was, he was ordered to return to Salisbury where some of his film was confiscated, although he was able to get some out of the country."〕 Three of the photographs were submitted by AP for the Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography, which Baughman won〔—at age 23, the youngest professional to win a journalism Pulitzer.〔 "At age 23, he became the youngest professional ever to win journalism's most prestigious prize."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. Ross Baughman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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